The Jacobian conjecture is partially solved. (Jacobian conjecture is disproved in three or more dimensions)

 

Jacobian conjecture is disproved in three or more dimensions. But in the two-dimensional model. It remains open. 

“A remarkably simple three-dimensional function has exposed an unexpected limit to a century-old mathematical conjecture. Credit: Shutterstock. An AI-assisted counterexample disproves the Jacobian conjecture above two dimensions while leaving its original two-dimensional form open.” (ScitechDaily, AI Helps Crack an 87-Year-Old Math Conjecture With One Tiny Formula)

AI is the basis for new mathematics. The ability to share problems and connect them again makes that tool impressive. In cases like the Riemann conjecture, AI is the best tool in the business. The system can share the number line across different servers. And then that makes this system an impressive code-breaking tool. In this case, the AI tries to make calculations. That encryption system is made backwards. And that opens the original bits to an attacker. The Riemann conjecture generates binary numbers. That connects to some other formula. 

The last impressive thing that we see is the solution to the Jacobian conjecture. That thing is important in linear algebra. This makes it a tool that is suitable for economics. In that case, the Jacobian matrix is used. For resource optimization. The next examples are things. There, the Jacobian matrix is used. 

Mathematics: An important part of methods for solving differential equations.  

Engineering: Helps model and optimize complex systems.  

Economics: Analyzes economic models and optimizes resources.  

Computer Science: Used in neural networks and machine learning algorithms to aid optimization.  

So, the Jacobian matrix is a versatile tool that provides deep insight into both mathematical and practical problems.

AI  shows that the Jacobian Conjecture is wrong. If. There are three or more dimensions. This means that all polynomial functions cannot be introduced backwards. And that means all calculations. They cannot be checked simply by calculating all calculations backward.

But. The Jacobian conjecture is wrong only in dimensions ≥3. The two-dimensional problem is open. So, dimensions 2≥ are still open. This means. That.

Encryption algorithms that involve the Jacobian Conjecture. It should have three or more dimensions. 

“In mathematics, the Jacobian conjecture is a conjecture concerning polynomials in several variables that states that if a polynomial function from an n-dimensional space to itself has a Jacobian determinant that is a non-zero constant, then the function has a polynomial inverse.” (Wikipedia, Jacobian conjecture). The conjecture can benefit the Jacobian matrix in its models. 

“In vector calculus, the Jacobian matrix of a vector-valued function of several variables is the matrix of all its first-order partial derivatives. If this matrix is square, that is, if the number of variables equals the number of components of function values, then its determinant is called the Jacobian determinant. Both the matrix and (if applicable) the determinant are often referred to simply as the Jacobian. They are named after Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi (1804-1851).”(Wikipedia, Jacobian matrix and determinant) 

“If m = n, then f is a function from Rn to itself and the Jacobian matrix is a square matrix. We can then form its determinant, known as the Jacobian determinant. “ (Wikipedia, Jacobian matrix and determinant) 

In texts. The Jacobian determinant sometimes is referred to as "the Jacobian".(Wikipedia, Jacobian matrix and determinant) 

“The Jacobian determinant at a given point gives important information about the behavior of f near that point. For instance, the continuously differentiable function f is invertible near a point p ∈ Rn if the Jacobian determinant at p is non-zero. This is the inverse function theorem. Furthermore, if the Jacobian determinant at p is positive, then f preserves orientation near p; if it is negative, f reverses orientation. The absolute value of the Jacobian determinant at p gives us the factor by which the function f expands or shrinks volumes near p; this is why it occurs in the general substitution rule.” (Wikipedia, Jacobian matrix and determinant)

https://scitechdaily.com/ai-helps-crack-an-87-year-old-math-conjecture-with-one-tiny-formula/

https://esimerkkeja.com/jacobin-matriisi-esimerkki-ja-sen-sovellukset-matematiikassa/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobian_conjecture

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobian_matrix_and_determinant

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobian_matrix_and_determinant#Jacobian_determinant

About the book "Hidden Figures" (Margot E. Shetterly)

Kimmo Huosionmaa

In 1960's NASA hired black American female teachers to make calculations for the Moon program, and those women were in the key role to making the moon flight possible, we must realize that this book is not telling the stories about the women who made an extremely important job for NASA. It tells the story that there are more men and women who are played in the key role in many fascinating and awesome missions on Earth. Those women were in the key role in ending the racial separation, and the advancing equality between genders. In the modern day, every position of the persons should depend on the personal skills, without the influence of gender or the color of the skin. 

The technical staff is not many times mentioned in the texts, what are told about space- and other programs. But when we are going to deep inside those missions, and the history of calculations, we are facing the thing, that in those times, there were no calculators, and the major question is that who makes those calculations, what is always needed for many technical missions. 

Many of those men and women, who made the atomic bomb possible in the "Project Manhattan" are ever mentioned in the stories about this weapon. And in the history of Cryptology, there are no mentions, how the formulas and calculations of the Enigma's positions were made. If some persons are saying that computers are making the calculations, that person forgets something. 

The calculation formulas are always made by the programmer or mathematician, and then everything would be perfect. But without those formulas, the computers are unavailable to make calculations. Even the computers have the most powerful processors in the world, they have no capacity for productive thinking, and they need a man to make those formulas for the calculations. 

There were many claiming that NASA used also autistic persons to make those formulas, what was very important for the Apollo program. If the main motor would not be started precisely right time, the spacecraft would be crushed to Moon or Earth, or it could fly pass the object. Those things were very important for Apollo mission successful passing. 

Apollo-astronauts made the awesome job, but there were many people, whose names were ever mentioned. Those persons worked for motors, airlocks, ventilates and electronics. Many people in the world have ever seen the names of those persons, whose successful work was addicted to those formulas.