The new Chinese radars can be a threat to stealth.

"Representative image of a Chinese Shenyang J-31, circa 2014." (Interesting Engineering)

The gallium oxide diodes can make it possible to create compact radars for stealth fighters. This system enables the creation of new shapes for stealth fighters' profiles. This allows free aerodynamic planning and the use of more accurate shapes.  But these kinds of systems. Makes it possible. To create more advanced radar systems than before. The simplest way is to install more radars on aircraft. Those radars and other sensors can observe the area around the craft. Those kinds of systems. They can search for incoming enemy missiles and aim the weapons. Into positions where they came. 

The system. It can be created by using multiple radar arrays. This means that the new jet-fighters can have radar systems. Those are like mosaics. Each of the pieces of the mosaic structure is an independently operating radar. This means that radar. This means that some of those radars can operate in passive mode. When some other radar illuminates that plane, those systems can track it. The problem with jammers is this. They must operate at the same frequency as radars. 

"By improving detection capabilities against drone swarms, the technology could strengthen air-defense networks."(Interesting Engineering)

That they must jam. So if the system sees that it’s jammed. It can shut down transmitters. And then the passive system. That is the radar receiver antenna. It can be used to track the jammer. In the same way. The radar-warning systems can have a triangular measurement system. That system can point the radar’s location with a very high accuracy. 

The mosaic-based arrays can scan an area using many radio frequencies. At the same time. Those kinds of systems can be more immune to jammers than old-fashioned radars. The radar operates as an entirety. The AI connects the data that the radar group gets. Then that AI. It can connect that data with the data flow. Which comes from other sources. Like optical sensors. Those sensors. They can be in other aircraft. Ground-based, or drones. 

Or they can operate onboard the plane. This means that those systems can get more data than ever before. And that makes those systems more intelligent and more effective than before. Those systems are based. On network-based solutions, which connect the entire battlefield. Into one entirety. The system shares data between multiple systems. 

The new radar systems use AI algorithms to analyze and sort information flow. Those new systems can detect drone swarms and then separate decoy drones from real drones. But the problem is that all drones can carry explosives. And they can all be devastating. The system. That AI can search and identify targets with new accuracy. The AI algorithms can also analyze threats with new accuracy. This thing makes the attackers and defenders deadlier than ever before. 

https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-semiconductor-enable-compact-radar

https://interestingengineering.com/military/chinese-radar-identify-decoy-drones-real-targets

Physicists have discovered a new method for stabilizing quantum chains using crystals.

"NV qubits aligned along a dislocation in diamond. Credit: UChicago Galli Group" (ScitechDaily, Physicists Discover a New Way To Connect Qubits Using Crystal Imperfections)

“The nitrogen-vacancy center (N-V center or NV center) is one of numerous photoluminescent point defects in diamond. It consists of a nearest-neighbor pair of a nitrogen atom, which substitutes for a carbon atom, and a lattice vacancy.” (Wikipedia, Nitrogen-vacancy center)

“NV centers enable nanoscale measurements of magnetic and electric fields, temperature, and mechanical strain with improved precision. External perturbation sensitivity makes NV centers ideal for applications in biomedicine—such as single-molecule imaging and cellular process modeling.”(Wikipedia, Nitrogen-vacancy center)

“In crystallography, a vacancy is a type of point defect in a crystal where an atom is missing from one of the lattice sites. Crystals inherently possess imperfections, sometimes referred to as crystallographic defects.” (Wikipedia, Vacancy defect)

The image of Bravais lattices explains how electrons interact around the atom. There is, of course, a ball-shaped field around atoms, but between electrons. There is also a straight energy string. Those strings are energy flows that travel between those electrons. The atom’s shell pulls those electrons into it. And that keeps electrons and atoms. In one entirety. And the energy bridges between them, the electromagnetic push between negative electrons tries to push those electrons away. 

“The seven lattice systems and their Bravais lattices in three dimensions” (Wikipedia, Bravais lattice)

In natural diamonds, the NV centers form randomly. But. There is a possibility of creating artificial NV centers. And putting them in line. This allows information to travel through that line. Those NV centers can be used as the transmitters in the quantum radars. This means that the diamonds there have the NV state line in them. Those NV-states can be used in high-resolution quantum Doppler radars. The system transmits electricity to those NV states. And then they act as the transmitting dipoles. 

In the image above, a method is introduced for stabilizing the qubit chain in the diamonds. Qubits, or their nitrogen vacancy (NV) states, are chained in the diamond.  The diamond presses that qubit chain, and keeps it in form. When information is transported into the qubit’s transmitting side, it allows the wave to travel through those NV states. In a qubit chain, the qubits form an energy staircase. There, they can transport information. Step by step. The system can adjust energy levels on those stairs. Very accurately. This means that lasers can be used to transport energy into those NV states or NV steps. The system can transport information in the static NV-state system. 

“Simplified atomic structure of the NV center”. (Wikipedia, Nitrogen-vacancy center)

When we think of this system as the tool that transports qubits through air or quantum channels, we must remember that diamond can be used as a phonon. First, the system makes the phonon. That creates the acoustic tunnel through the air. Then the information is sent to the NV states. The NV states send that wave movement into the receiver, and there, the receiving NV state starts to resonate. Another version is that the diamond takes the one NV state to its sharpest point. The system can use the corners of the pyramid-shaped diamond. To make the energy tweezers that lock the ion in front of that NV state line. Then the qubit line stores information in that NV state. And the higher energy level in that system pushes the qubit through the quantum channel. These types of systems are very interesting. They can be used to transport information in a highly secure mode. 

“Natural NV centers are randomly oriented within a diamond crystal. Ion implantation techniques can enable their artificial creation in predetermined positions as follows.” (Wikipedia, Nitrogen-vacancy center)

“Nitrogen-vacancy centers are typically produced from single substitutional nitrogen centers (called C or P1 centers in diamond literature) by irradiation followed by annealing at temperatures above 700 °C. A wide range of high-energy particles is suitable for such irradiation, including electrons, protons, neutrons, ions, and gamma photons. Irradiation produces lattice vacancies, which are a part of NV centers. Those vacancies are immobile at room temperature, and annealing is required to move them. Single substitutional nitrogen produces strain in the diamond lattice; it therefore efficiently captures moving vacancies,[producing the NV centers.” (Wikipedia, Nitrogen-vacancy center)

https://scitechdaily.com/physicists-discover-a-new-way-to-connect-qubits-using-crystal-imperfections/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bravais_lattice

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen-vacancy_center

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacancy_defect

ESA's Hera mission tests new radar technology.

  ESA's Hera mission tests new radar technology.

The radar images from the asteroid's internal are interesting things. The radar systems used in the Hera mission are a flexible tool. It can also used to make mineral maps and uncover underground structures. This system is suitable for asteroid missions. And also for civil and military operations on Earth. 

The Hera probe has a very small radar, that size is 10 cm. These kinds of miniature radars can be pathfinders for next-generation miniature radar technology. 

Engineers can install small-size radars in satellites, aircraft, and drones. It's possible that miniature radars can be installed on ground vehicles like Jeeps, and they can cooperate with optical sensors. Those radars also can search for underground objects like archeological objects, dug metal things, and mines.  

"Due to launch in 2024, Hera will travel to the Didymos pair of near-Earth asteroids to test planetary defense, find out more about asteroids, and demonstrate novel technologies. Hera will carry two CubeSats that will get up close and personal with the asteroids. This artist’s impression shows the Juventas CubeSat carrying out one of its main tasks – using radio waves to study the interior structure of the smaller asteroid, Dimorphos. Credit: ESA/Science Office" (ScitechDaily.com/ESA’s Hera Mission: Mini-Radar Will Probe Asteroid’s Heart)

"This 10-cm box will make history as the smallest radar instrument to be flown in space – and the very first radar to probe the interior of an asteroid. Its target? The Dimorphos asteroid, which on the night of September 26, 2022, had its orbit diverted and a vast 10,000 km plume sent out into space by collision with NASA’s DART mission. Credit: JuRA Team / UGA" (ScitechDaily.com/ESA’s Hera Mission: Mini-Radar Will Probe Asteroid’s Heart)

VLF and ELF radars can search submarines from deep sea. The same systems can also map deep underwater structures. Those radars can be used to map Asteroid Ceres' internal structures. 

And maybe those radars can someday see Jupiter's Europa moon's ocean bottom. Radio spectroscopy allows the radar to see molecule structures from deep underground objects. 

Maybe in the future radars can observe our blog sales because radio waves are jumping out from iron of hemoglobin. And if radar is enough that system can see even a single blood cell.  There is a need for a test bed for those highly effective miniature radars. 

That is why Hera is an important tool for researching radar technology. The Hera uses miniature radar to make radar images about the asteroid's internal structure. And that means researchers can install similar systems in drones and aircraft. There is a possibility that those miniature radars can be installed in one entirety. 

And that allows the system to act like a compound eye, where miniature radars can replace optical sensors. That kind of radar combination can increase the resistance against jamming. In that system, each segment can act as independent radar making it possible to create new multi-band radar systems. That kind of radar also can act as a radio weapon, that aims plus and minus electricity into a target that could overheat it.

https://scitechdaily.com/esas-hera-mission-mini-radar-will-probe-asteroids-heart/