Ukraine can probably jam Russian hypersonic Kinzhal missiles.

"Kh-47M2 Kinzhal. 2018 Moscow Victory Day Parades" (Wikipedia)

The jammer system called Lima has proven effective against those hypersonic missiles. Says Kyiv Independent. This is good news for defense. And another thing is that. If the system can turn hypersonic missiles off course, that could be a big step. Against things. Like kinetic energy warheads. There are claims that the Russian new “Oreshnik” intermediate-range ballistic missiles (IRBM) can have kinetic energy warheads. But the accuracy of those missiles is about 200 m, which is too low for kinetic ammunition, which requires extremely high precision. That ammunition is a terror tool. If. They do not have high enough accuracy. The kinetic energy ammunition. It could be a powerful tool. Against the aircraft carriers. If they are accurate enough. 

The kinetic ammunition is like a bullet that requires a direct hit. And that means. The kinetic energy ammunition. It cannot affect harder targets. But a hypersonic warhead can be devastating if its pressure wave hits non-armoured targets. There are actually two ways to make the jammer systems. The first one. It is. The ECM system that sends radio signals. That covers the enemy communication and tracking systems. Another version is to create a plasma cloud between the radio transmitter and receiver. The high-altitude plasma layer can deny the GPS operations. The Ukrainian “Lima” system is proven effective against Kinzhals, but also drone swarms and glide bombs.

Or. That’s what the Kyiv Independent reports. The system disturbs satellite communication. That makes it impossible to navigate drones and communicate with them using satellites. There is a possibility. To replace part of those satellite-based systems with aircraft and ground stations. But those systems are more vulnerable than satellites. But things like communication satellites are also vulnerable to ASAT systems. The system could use similar technology with AGM-88 HARM. It detects the satellite and then destroys it. The system. It can be silo-based. Or launched from high-flying aircraft. 

(ResearchGate)

(kyivindependent)

(Kyivpost)

And that requires developing the systems. that are independent of GPS and radio signals. The system can use inertial and terrain-contour matching (TERCOM) to guide an aircraft to a target. This kind of system uses visual route recognition. The system compares aerial pictures of its route. With images that are stored in its memory. The system. It operates in UV- IR. And visual wavelengths. 

Another version is the electromagnetic pulse (EMP). The EMP is sometimes connected to the nuclear explosions. And in many scenarios, nuclear attack begins when nuclear warheads are detonated. In a low Earth orbiter. This thing destroys electronics immediately. But actors like the U.S. Air Force have tested and used the conventional EMP- or “E-bomb”. The system is based. On the high-energy radio or microwave impulse. That impulse is formed by pressing the battery. By using explosives. But there is also a possibility. Of creating EMP pulses without explosives. In those cases, the radio or microwave transmitters are equipped with high-power impulse capacitors. 

The system. It loads electricity into those capacitors. When the system sends the EMP pulse. It just loads electricity from those capacitors to the radio transmitter. The big difference between the explosive and capacitor systems is that. Those capacitors can be reloaded, and the system can give EMP pulses multiple times. The explosive-based systems are always single-use. 

So, what is the EMP? It’s simply the high-power electromagnetic impulse. When high-power radio signals hit the electric circuit. It forms the surge. That destroys all electricity. In some visions, the agent can slip the high-power capacitor into the data center. And then that capacitor sends an electric impulse to the computers. Another version is that the captured power plant. It sends high-power electricity to the enemy's electric network. 

The fact is that any radio transmitter can act as an E-bomb. This means that any radar can act as this kind of system. There is a possibility. To aim the EMP pulses at the incoming missiles, which can destroy their electronics. The high-power jammer signals can also blind its altimeters. And leave detonation to less accurate barometric systems. If the missile uses a radar system. For the last-period guidance, the jammer can deny its ability to detect the target. But the EMP can destroy all the electronics. That missile needs for its operations. Without those electronics, the missile cannot find its target. Even if it uses only inertial. Or it cannot even detonate its warhead without those electric components. 

The EMP weapon can affect drone swarms. But they are also powerful tools for hypersonic warheads. Those missiles can use the high-power electromagnetic transmitters to shut down defense. 

There is also a possibility of denying the missile launch by using the EMP bombs. The high-power EMP pulse can destroy the missile’s computers, which denies its launch. But the EMP weapons are not so harmless as people might think. Crossing high-power radio impulses form electric arcs into the air. Those electric arcs can light a match. Those radio impulses can be extremely dangerous. The radio impulses jump from the ionosphere. And that means they can destroy targets behind the walls. The system bases. Two aimed radio transmitters that send crossing radio signals with opposite polarity. These kinds of systems can be dangerous. Against unprotected targets from long distances. 

https://kyivindependent.com/patriots-or-no-patriots-ukraine-may-have-solved-the-problem-of-russias-kinzhal-missiles/

https://www.kyivpost.com/post/26235

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334070738_High-Power_Microwave_Energy_as_Weapon

https://www.sofx.com/ukraines-lima-jammer-behind-successful-disruption-of-russian-glide-bomb-strikes/

Russia shot down one of its Su-35S fighter-bombers.

Russia shot down one of its Su-35S fighter-bombers. 

Human error, or somebody who might jam the jet fighter's IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) system, can cause this kind of episode. So if we talk about human errors, we should ask what caused those errors. Or maybe someone forgot to drive the IFF codes to the computers that control the AA systems. 

The jammer systems that deny the IFF system to transmit their codes to AA radars can cause situations where their air defense shoots aircraft down. Modern jet fighters and attack aircraft have only a couple of minutes or seconds to react when they see unknown, maybe hostile aircraft. If the aircraft comes closer to the headquarters would be an enemy attack aircraft, like the Ukrainian MiG-29 armed with "Storm Shadow" missiles, that aircraft could destroy the headquarters. 

One version of how to break the stealth technology is to use the IFF systems as the target.  AA crew can aim antiradiation missiles at the IFF system. Those radio transmitters are one vulnerability in stealth aircraft. 

The IFF system is a problematic part of the aircraft. The radio signal, that the IFF system sends makes aircraft vulnerable against the radar-homing missiles. Jammer systems that send radio signals to deny radar- or radio communication are vulnerable against antiradiation missiles. This means there are always new systems under development. 

Electronic warfare is becoming more important in modern battlefields. The drone systems require communication. And if the system can jam GPS and data communication. That makes it harder to use drones and communicate with troops. Also, jammers can deny the drone swarms internal communication. The jammer systems can be the target for HARM-type missiles created to destroy ECM systems and other radio transmitters. 

The stealth is the ultimate tool. But the next generation of radars and surveillance systems are hacking the stealth. The CCD cameras and lidar systems are making old-fashioned stealth useless. Same way next-generation AA radars might use pressure waves and other non-direct observation methods to uncover the stealth. The pressure waves around the aircraft are possible to detect by using AI-controlled systems that connect the data from multiple sources. 

And the weapon development is the race between the ultimate attacker and ultimate defender. The next-generation IFF systems might also use AI-based radar systems. The radar sends the identification request to the IFF system that answers that request. Then the AI starts to follow the aircraft that closes the IFF. And if it loses the target it can ask for identification again. That thing minimizes the need to send radio signals all the time. That helps stealth planes to complete their mission and makes them harder targets for enemy missiles. 

https://www.19fortyfive.com/2023/10/dont-tell-putin-russia-shot-down-one-of-its-own-su-35s-flanker-fighter-jets/

https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/russia-shot-down-its-most-advanced-fighter-jet-over-tokmak-uk-mod-says/ar-AA1hFMaT

Why have Russian Ka-52 "Alligator" helicopters failed in Ukraine?

Why have Russian Ka-52 "Alligator" helicopters failed in Ukraine?

Many Russian Ka-52 "Alligator" helicopters are shot down over Ukraine. That helicopter should be the competition for the AH-64 Apache and other Western military helicopters. But big losses in Ukraine caused a re-estimation of the use of that helicopter.

One reason for those losses is that the Ka-52 is a very common combat helicopter in Russian forces. One of the reasons why Ka-52 turned into a flop can be that their crews were not trained as they should. And a lack of training causes those losses.

But one of the biggest reasons for Alligator failure can be attributed to a lack of trusted "fire and forget" weapons. If Ka-52 uses rockets aiming at those weapons takes longer time and forces the helicopter to fly straight ahead. The reason why Ka-52 was successful in Syria was there was no heavy AA or lightweight smart missiles. The Ka-52 could hover outside the enemy fire and use its firepower. 

The regular anti-tank missile that is used in those Ka-52 helicopters uses semi-active laser homing. The pilot or gunner sees the target and locks the laser on it. And then the anti-tank weapon called "9K121 Vikhr" rides to the target with that laser. 

The system should be immune to countermeasures, but the weakness is that the helicopter cannot move at all, at least horizontally. The laser system requires a gyroscopic system that keeps it aimed at the target. Without that system the helicopter is vulnerable. 

Or the missile loses contact with the laser ray. Or if the pilot makes some maneuver, the laser ray turns away from the target. If the helicopter hovers in a stable position for about 10–60 seconds, that makes it a good target for any AA system. Because aircraft that use semi-active radar-homing missiles cannot make escape and evasion movements before the missile hits the target, they are vulnerable.

Ka-52 c. 2015

Vikhr missile transport and launching tubes (Wikipedia/9K121 Vikhr)

There is an investigation into the possibility of using semi-active laser homing in Western helicopters. In those applications, the helicopter cooperates with quadcopters or some other drones.

The laser in the helicopter marks a point for the quadcopter that points a laser spot on the target. Then helicopters shoot missiles that can use the quadcopter's laser spot to aim themselves at targets. Or in some other versions, the helicopter drops a quadcopter at the same moment as a missile.

And the missile rides on the laser beam that was shot from the remote-controlled quadcopter. That kind of system gives old-fashioned systems their trusted fire-and-forget ability. In some visions, old-fashioned wire-guided missiles can cooperate with drones like quadcopters. In that system, those control wires will be installed under the quadcopter.

Then the operator of that weapon can use a quadcopter as a launch platform. Another operator can control the flight of that missile by giving it a control signal through the quadcopter. So the remotely controlled unit of wire-guided missiles that is installed below the quadcopter can give that old-fashioned weapon fire-and-forget ability.

The image-based fire-and-forget ability makes the Javelin missiles superior. Because Javelin uses a modified face recognition system (AI-based IIR, or imaging infrared), that missile is hard to jam. Image-homing missiles are hard to jam by using flares.

But optical AI-based image-homing systems have replaced those laser systems. Those systems are used in the Javelin and Maverick missiles. Also, guided bombs can use this type of target designator. In those systems, lasers mark the target for missiles. And when a helicopter shoots a target, it can start to make counter maneuvers against missiles and other hostile fire.

https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-destroying-russia-ka-52-helicopters-mobile-artillery-expert-2023-8?r=US&IR=T

https://defence-blog.com/ukrainian-forces-shoot-down-russian-ka-52-attack-helicopter-2/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9K121_Vikhr

Why Russian invasion of Ukraine was something else than it should?

Above: Antonov An-22 heavy transport aircraft plays a vital role in the Russian military. Heavy transporters' primary role is that they can carry paratroopers to capture some airfields. Then the same planes can bring tanks, artillery, and men for creating another front behind the enemy back. 

The idea of this tactic is this: Russian forces are taking enemy troops between two main groups.  Then Russians would destroy their enemy by using mortars, tanks, and artillery. 

Putin planned that the Russian invasion and Ukraine occupation would be a good demonstration of the skills of the modern Russian military. The invasion was planned as a short-term military action against Ukraine. And then something went wrong. 

The key element in the Russian military tactics is the cooperation between tank corpses and VDV (Airborne Assault troops). The idea is that when the Russian main force attacks from the front the paratroopers attack to back of the troops and conquer some airfields. Then cargo planes bring tanks and other equipment to the back of the enemy troops. So the idea of this tactic is that the enemies of the Russian army are on two fronts. And Russian military can attack from two sides. 

The Russian plan was probably to destroy the Ukrainian main force. That would defend the area between the Russian border and Kyiv. The idea was that the Kyiv airport captured by VDV and the heavy artillery along with tank corpses and motorized infantry would crush the Ukrainian troops that location is between those groups. 

The airport would be the base, where the Russian military brings tanks and other equipment. If that plan was successful the Russian military would crush the Ukrainian army in one single battle. But then something happened. VDV fail in its mission. And the Ukrainian back was secured. 

Then the Ukrainians got some impressive victories. Because Ukraine didn't fall in 36 hours the Russian plans were ineffective. The idea of the service of this operation was that Russian troops would get their food from supermarkets.  Only ammunition and fuel were in the convoys that followed the main battle units. 

Those mainly unprotected vehicles are good targets for Bayraktar-drones. And Ukrainian helicopters and aircraft. Russians didn't expect that the Ukrainian air force can operate against them. They expected that the captured airfields eliminates the threat of the Ukrainian air force. So those troops didn't have anti-aircraft equipment.

And also, the Western military aid to Ukraine was a surprise. Russian leaders believed that their nuclear arsenal makes Western nations afraid. And Russian gas would be a good tool for buying sympathy from the Western nations. So stick and carrot was the method that Russians planned to use on Western nations. The carrot was cheap energy. And the stick was the threat of military actions. 

The thing that caused more casualties is probably that the Russian headquarters didn't know that the prime element of this kind of military operation fail. Without the success of the VDV, the Russians couldn't build another front behind Ukrainian lines. When the war is prolonged the nations must say something. 

The leaders of the Western nations couldn't just stand. Because the resistance continues that thing will encourage Western nations to give more and more military aid to Ukraine. The Russian invasion of Ukraine caused fear that similar action can happen to anybody. 

Image: https://aircraft.fandom.com/wiki/Antonov_An-22

The Institute of Study of War (ISW) tells that Russia wastes its power in meaningless battles.

Su-25 "Frogfoot"

Why Russians are wasting their power? The fact is that two things can explain why Russians are fighting in meaningless areas, wasting their power and causing casualties. The first thing is that the Russian military is following the original battle plan without caring about casualties. And Russians might think that some area is important to them. But Ukrainians or Western observers think that the areas have no meaning in the war. 

There is the possibility that the Russian military makes its casualties on purpose. The Russian government promised over 8000 euros price for recruiting to the war. And if those soldiers die, they must not pay that money. But another reason why Russian waste its power in meaningless areas like small towns can be in defense tactics of the Ukrainian army. There is a possibility that the Ukrainian army makes "unnecessary-looking" hard resistance in the small towns and countryside.

That kind of tactic when the defender wants to make a series of resistance battles is effective against an army that uses massive firepower. If the Ukrainian military will try to hit Russian troops in one battle by using the tactics where a large group of troops faces the Russians in one solution battle. That causes the ultimate loss for Ukrainians. 

The major part of the Russian tactics is maybe that the Russian main force faces the Ukrainian main forces in an open field battle. In that battle, Russians would use the TOS- mortars, thermobaric explosives, and other kinds of stuff. The idea is that if the Ukrainians are using the fixed combat positions the Russian recon planes will locate those positions. And then the defender will be bombed away by using air force and heavy artillery. 

Attacks before a big solution battle are meant to cause casualties for the attacker and leave it without ammunition or some systems. The loss of tanks, heavy artillery, and mortars force Russians to order those systems from Russia. 

And spend its force. In this kind of tactic, the idea is that the defender will destroy some vehicles and other units. And then step backward. If the defender can destroy the force of the attacker before the main battle, it cannot use all its weapons that are meant for that battle. The Russian tactics like massive, but non-accurate firepower favors the single battle tactics. 

The idea is that the Russian military will crush the enemy in one single battle where it can use its mortars and all its firepower. So one of the best counter-tactic is to try to force the enemy into warfare where the attacker must use unduly firepower. So this is one variation of the "Hit and run" tactics. 

When Russian TOS rocket launchers and heavy artillery comes into place those systems will target HiMARS or Ukrainian Howitzers. And then those systems are destroyed. Also, combat helicopters and attack aircraft can destroy convoys, especially at night time. And those attacks destroy the combat vehicles or support. And if the fuel trucks or ammunition carriers are destroyed the troops are left without equipment. And that thing slows the advancing. 

Image: https://worldinconflict.fandom.com/wiki/Su-25_Frogfoot

https://networkedinternet.blogspot.com/

There are two remarkable things in the Ukrainian war. The war crimes and destructive firepower.

The major question is why Russia doesn't use harder language against the western weapon aid for Ukraine? The fact is that this military aid is not enough for driving Russians away from East Ukraine. But those weapon systems causes losses for Russian troops. Maybe one purpose of that operation is simply to kill some fighters who know something that Putin doesn't want people to know. 

Things like the murders of Anna Politkovskaya and some oligarchs might be made by some people, which fighting in Ukraine today. Maybe those people have some kind of evidence about things that can harm even Putin himself. Or they might know something about Putin's financing systems especially before he became president. 

And the comfortable solution would be for the Ukrainian army kills those people, who made dirty work for Vladimir Putin. Could the man who poisoned Boris Yeltsin be on the blacklist or kill list of Vladimir Putin? 

Things like Wagner Group are meant as a tool in the hands of Putin. That military company makes it possible to order dirty work without telling those things FSB. There is the possibility that the use of massive, nonprecise firepower is meant to hide robberies in that area.

The thing is that the Russian operation in Ukraine has been something else that Putin wanted. The Russian invasion of Ukraine was no surprise if we are looking backward. Kreml has introduced new weapon systems all the time. And then Putin shows that he wants to return to the Soviet Union. 

That could be meant to demonstrate the power of the re-established red army in the attack on Ukraine. And the result is a fiasco. The Russian losses are been quite big and we must remember that at the beginning of this conflict Ukraine had not all the weapon systems that it used to drive Russians out from northern Ukraine. The fact is that Ukraine needs more firepower to kick Russians away from entire Ukraine. But Russians don't have enough force to occupy the entire Ukraine. 

The benefit of this conflict is on the side of the Russian commander, who must not care about losses and civilian casualties. The thing is that the use of massive firepower that is not aimed is the thing that makes the enemy fear Russians. But the war crimes that Russians are made also make people fight harder. If Russians shoot the defenders anyway, they can sell their blood at the highest possible price. 

Could the purpose of those war crimes be that they are meant to make the distance between Russians and Ukrainians? In this hypothesis, the war crimes are authorized by the Russian high command. And another purpose could be to cause shame to those combatants that they will not tell things that they heard to non-authorized persons. 

Image: Pinterest

Why do Russians have problems destroying Turkish-built drones?

Image) Baykar Bayraktar TB2 (Wikipedia/Baykar Bayraktar TB2)

The Russian-Ukrainian war predicted that Russia will win Ukraine in 96 hours. The reality might be different. The war carries on, and many other predictions are not matched with reality. This war has been a pain and nightmare for Russians. 

The drones are invisible and very frightening killers. That can use alone or with manned aircraft. The manned aircraft can drop drones to the operational areas. And then those drones can mark targets. Or they can attack against the targets. Long-range drones like Loyal wingmen can be equipped with warheads and they can hit against missiles. And especially the long-range anti-aircraft and tactical battlefield missile launchers. 

Many things are problematic in the Ukrainian war. The predictions are not matched with reality. But one of the questions is simple. Why Ukrainian drones are not as easy to destroy as they predicted? Those Baykar Bayraktar TB2 drones are predicted to be easy targets. But there is something why Russians are not made that thing? The Bayraktar-drones are not the most advanced systems in the world. They are classified as the 2nd or 3rd. class drones. 

That is sold for some 2nd or 3rd. class countries. The Turkish build drones are introduced as "easy to jam" systems that are not so multi-use and effective as manned aircraft. But those drones seem still flying and destroy the attackers. The ECM systems along with air defense missiles and AA-artillery are predicted to be the most effective counteractors against the drones. 

There are three possibilities for the jammer system's ineffectiveness against those drones. 

1) Russians have those systems, but they don't use them. 

2) Russians have those systems, but those systems are somewhere else

3) Russians have those systems, but they are ineffective. 

But how that thing can be possible? The fact is that even cheap drones can turn extremely dangerous very easily. Operators can change components and the computer programs of those systems without telling the manufacturer that modification. The Ukrainian war, or rather saying, Russian invasion to Ukraine shown, that predictions are dangerous. Putin overestimated his force. And now he will pay the price. 

Drones might be very unsportsmanlike. But those systems are effective. The purpose of the military is to be frightening. It must scare enemies that they are not attacking to country. The military is meant to be a tool in the hands of the country and government. And the drones are allowing that government can control those things easier than some special forces man. 

And the only purpose that force has is to destroy enemies. If there is a shame to be some drone operator that is good for government. The shame helps those people to keep their mouths shut. The reason why drones are in use in many countries. Is the problem to recruit people in special forces. 

Or actually, the problem is that there are very long service times for those operators. And the skills that are trained to them are causing those people to be hard to control. The drone operator is easier to control than traditional special forces operators. The only needed thing is to cut their connection with drones. 

The fact is that the new drones are bringing new doctrine to battlefields. There are two types of killer drones. The Bayraktar is a Predator-type unmanned quite complicated unmanned aircraft. 

Another type of those horrifying system is smaller and simpler kamikaze drones. Those kamikaze drones are cruise missiles that are used in many conflicts. The target drone is equipped with a camera and the warhead can use as a kamikaze drone. 

In traditional systems, the weakness is that the system requires all-time communication. The RPV controller orders that small cruise missile dive against its target. The target can be the tank, building, or some other suitable target. But there is the possibility that the kamikaze drones are also equipped with the IIR (Image InfraRed) or image recognition-based systems. When the drone recognizes its target it will dive and impact against them. 

The "mother of those systems" is the BGM-109 Tomahawk cruise missile. That well-known and deadly weapon is the BQM-109 target and recon drone that is equipped with conventional or nuclear warheads. After the success of the Tomahawk systems, the smaller drones are equipped with similar target recognition and attack systems. And the fact is that all target drones can equip with warheads. 

The threat is that terrorists can modify the flying assembly kits by using warheads. And that thing causes problems with national security. Drones are frightening and scary systems. The army of Azerbaijan used drones effectively against Armenian troops in their conflict. 

But they are effective. And that's why they are part of the arsenal of many nations. The success of Bayraktar TB2 in Ukraine and Azerbaijan guarantees good markets for those drones. The thing that makes the drones effective is that they can use against better-trained soldiers. The drone operator doesn't need military training at all. And that makes those people easier to control. There is always a risk that highly trained special forces operator turns against the authorities or regular people.

Drone operators might seem very unsportsmanlike. But armies are not made for sports they are made to afraid enemies. And one thing is that the control of those systems and men are the key element in military planning. The skills that are learned in armies. Are meant for serving their country and government. Military skills are not meant to use in some restaurants. The problem with special forces has been the long service times. When the service ends the serviceman must go and find a new profession. And that thing causes problems in civil life. 

https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/ukraines-bayraktar-tb2-drones-are-wreaking-havoc-russian-vehicles-200986

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomahawk_(missile)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baykar_Bayraktar_TB2

Image:) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baykar_Bayraktar_TB2

https://networkedinternet.blogspot.com/