The “golden dome” satellites face a big threat.

Artist's vision of Dream Chaser

One of the reasons why the Reagan-era Space Defense Initiative (SDI) terminated was simply this. Orbital space weapons were easy targets for the high-flying ASAT systems. Those systems could be large rockets. Like Soyuz-FG, which shoots a large number of small kinetic energy projectiles. Against those space weapons. The system must shoot only metal balls against those killer satellites. And that destroys them immediately. 

Technology advanced from the Reagan era. And there are new reusable rockets that can send things like miniature killer satellites to follow things. Like suspected orbital bombardment satellites. The fractional orbital bombardment systems (FOBS) are the most terrifying weapons on this planet. Those killer satellites send nuclear weapons against their targets from an orbital trajectory. The other systems are the EMP weapons that can be hidden in satellites. When those satellites are in the right position, the nuclear weapon inside them will be detonated. Those kinds of systems can destroy. The main components of the defense. Things like miniature stealth shuttles, miniature satellites. The miniature satellites can be capable. To form a bigger structure. The system can connect those satellites. Into a series, and if there is a railgun installed in the system, those miniature satellites can form a powerful entirety. 

Soyuz-FG

Reusable rockets can be used to return those systems back on Earth if they need some service. Those systems can also be used to kill satellites that are suspected to carry FOBS systems. The FOBS system can be a miniature shuttle that dives against its target in hypersonic speed. The stealth versions of the Dream Chaser, or X-37B shuttle. It can be the tool that can destroy the killer satellites. Or miniature satellites can follow those suspected FOBS satellites. The new satellites could also deliver things. Like drones over the target areas. Those drones can be used the AI to search and terminate their targets. Autonomous killer drones that drop from satellites can also be suitable for assassination missions. 

In the Soviet era. There was a plan. To protect missile silos by using metal rods. Those metal rods could be effective against incoming missiles. Or, that’s what the Soviets thought. They created the metal-rod-based active protection system (APS). That was quite similar to the  lighter APS systems, which should protect the tanks against incoming missiles and ammunition. The metal-rod-based defense was innovative. And there are plans. To use similar systems. Against drones. But as we know, the problem with those systems is the limited number of metal rods. Those metal rods could also be tools for attacking weapons. The USA planned to make the “rods of god” the orbital-based kinetic bombardment system. 

That system was planned to use metal rods. Those were shot against their targets from orbital satellites. The railguns and the gas-operating launching system can accelerate those metal rods to very high speeds. Those rods would melt in the atmosphere. And there were melted metal droplets that would drop to the ground. The system would use the chamber, where oxygen and hydrogen were blown to send the metal rod through the magnetic accelerator. The system can use a nuclear reactor or solar panels. To give energy to that railgun. In some visions, the rocket can launch a cannon at orbiter. That shoots 155mm concrete-filled ammunition to ground. Those kinds of artificial meteorites can be devastating if they hit something. 

There were also. Some plans to use the metal rods as an offensive weapon. The nuclear warheads could be shot at their targets with metal rods. Those metal rods that fly ahead of the nuclear warheads can destroy incoming anti-ballistic missiles (ABM). And in some other plans, the orbital killer satellites would be good targets for metal balls and metal rods that shot against them using ICBM missiles. Those missiles will transport small metal balls or metal rods to the orbiter. And those things can destroy the orbital battle stations. Orbital battle satellites are a large system. They are vulnerable to the other killer satellites. The miniature satellites can carry small metal bullets. Those systems can be quite small. And they can orbit the Earth in the opposite direction to the targeted satellites. When a miniature satellite recognizes its target, it can shoot metal rods or metal balls at it. 

https://www.rudebaguette.com/en/2025/10/they-changed-the-mission-midway-nasas-dream-chaser-spaceplane-breaks-free-from-the-iss-plan-and-its-aiming-for-defense-and-private-space/

https://www.sierraspace.com/blog/dream-chaser-vs-space-shuttle/

https://www.twz.com/air/soviets-tested-icbm-silo-defense-system-that-showered-incoming-warheads-with-clouds-of-metal-darts

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_Orbital_Bombardment_System

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Dome_(missile_defense_system)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_bombardment

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz-FG

The giant accelerator would allow interstellar traveling

https://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.com/

Kimmo Huosionmaa

The power source for interstellar traveling is the major problem in those futuristic spacecraft. If we are thinking about Warp-drive, what can travel faster than light, we must realize, that we would need the brand new technology, in the very giant scale. The spacecraft that would travel faster than light must be base the technology, what is ever created in the real life, and making this technology really is the very complicated process. The shape of the spacecraft would be like some science fiction spacecraft, what uses antimatter or WARP-propulsion for increasing the speed of 80-90 percent of the speed of light.


And in this spacecraft would be particle accelerator, what could be like the linear version of "Hedron", what is located in CERN. That accelerator would be like some extreme long tube at the nose of the spacecraft, what might be quite similar, what is planned to use in "Project Thor". The difference would be that the device is equipped with antimatter-motors, what will accelerate it for speed, what is near the speed of light, and then the accelerator would be launched. But the size of this spacecraft would be much bigger, what is planned for "Thor".


The interstellar spacecraft would first accelerate the top speed, what could be something like 90 percent of the speed of light, and the particle accelerator would shoot the capsule to the top speed. The problem of this hypothetical spacecraft would be the size of this thing. The accelerator must be over hundreds of kilometers long, and the electricity, what is used in this gigantic rail gun is very high. This spacecraft would be built in the space, and it would be very huge. If it sometimes would be made.


So there must be the very powerful power source, that this very huge spacecraft would be worked. And after the spacecraft have been shot by the railgun there is no return back. The capsule would fly to Alpha Centaur in about two years, but the problem is the slowing. And of course, the home trip would be difficult. In one scenario this spacecraft would use sophisticated artificial intelligence, and it would have sub-robots, what would build another accelerator at the orbiter of the target star.


This kind of artificial intelligence could also make the copy of the spacecraft if that is damaged. This technology is called "Von Neumann technology". In this case, those robots would search suitable materials from asteroids, what is orbiting the star by using laser-spectrometers. Then the materials would be transferred to the factory, and then those systems can create microchips and other stuff, what is needed for new spacecraft. This kind of systems can help us to colonize the entire galaxy in the distant future, but there are many technical problems to win before the trip to stars would be real.

Fermi paradox: Where is everybody? (Where are other civilizations?)

https://marxjatalous.blogspot.com/

Kimmo Huosionmaa

If we would calculate the number of known planets, what are on the habitable zone of the sun type star we would get number one if we would live in 1950's And if we would see how many known civilizations were in that kind of planets in that time, we can get number one. So if we would calculate the probability to meet intelligent civilization on the Earth-type planet, what is in the habitable zone of the star, we could find number 100. So in every earth type planet, what orbits the star in the habitable zone should have an intelligent life form.


And here we must ask again where are those civilizations? When we are looking at the Drake equation, we must think about the question, where are the aliens, if every earth-type planet in the habitable zone of stars would have intelligent life. Here we must go to the Fermi paradox, the attempt to explain why there would be no answer from another civilization? The one thing in this paradox is, that when the civilization would get some special level of science and technology, they could destroy themselves with nuclear weapons.


This explanation is one of the most well-known things about this paradox. And then somebody would ask, "Was the Second World War the ultimate test", and if the mankind passed that test, would it become super civilization? The other thing in the Fermi paradox is that the gamma-ray bursts would destroy the civilization, and the opponent would claim, that if the civilization would have enough high technical level, they could evacuate to the dark side of their home planet.


And also moving to the dark side or underground network of tunnels, would that civilization survive even from the biggest cosmic catastrophes. When we are thinking about the communication between civilizations, there is, of course, the possibility that the hypothetical alien would not answer, because it would not feel the communication safe. That means it afraid that some other hostile aliens would locate it, and then the war between worlds would raise.


Sometimes some persons think, that maybe the afraid of conflict between two very technical civilizations would survive the Earth. Because if some civilization would use weapons like Death Star, it would show the power to other civilizations, what have the even better equipment and technology. Sometimes I have faced the theory, that other civilizations would leave us alone because we would be too pathetic being seriously taken.


That kind of talking is very usual between philosophers. Or maybe the radio signals, what are left to the universe are too weak to notice. Maybe the radio waves, what are coming from other stars and galaxies are acting like ECM-jammer system. That radio-transmission can cover the radio-waves, what is sending by using Hydrogen Alpha-frequency. Maybe we are alone maybe not. But the searching would continue.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi_paradox

The moon-shuttle and space station

David A Hardy's painting
"Eros expedition"
(Picture I)

http://kimmontaidearvioita.blogspot.com/p/the-moon-shuttle-and-space-station.html

Kimmo Huosionmaa

We are all read about plans to make the moon shuttle and that plan is very interesting. The moon shuttle would be the spacecraft, what would not land to the Earth, and the use of that spacecraft would be like, the crew and other things would transfer to the normal shuttle at the Earth orbital, and then the moon shuttle would be refueled. The shape of this shuttle would be the simple tube, what can be made by using the rocket stage of Delta or Atlas rockets. That stage would be equipped with feet, what are similar to the rockets that are made by David Hardy in the painting above the text. The name of the painting is "Eros expedition", and it portraits the fictional journey to the asteroid Eros, but the similar spaceship can operate from the Moon and travel to Asteroid belt.

An aerodynamic cone, what would protect the docking unit would be removed at the orbital. Or it can be made for turning away from the head of this spacecraft. The technology, what might be used in this enhanced lunar vehicle is basically similar, what have used in the Apollo-program. The big size allows a big cargo bay and this spacecraft would be also used as the space station for the astronauts. In distant future, this kind of spacecraft can also be equipped with ion motors and small nuclear reactor, what allows it to maneuver in large areas in the asteroid belt and investigate the asteroids. And sometimes I have imagined, that it would be equipped with the high power electric generator, what allows to produce the electromagnetic field over this spacecraft, what would protect the crew against cosmic radiation.


If we think the most conventional model of this planned spacecraft, what would use liquid hydrogen and oxygen as a fuel, we must notice that  the biggest difference of this vehicle for Apollo-craft is, that it could fly between Moon and the Earth many times, and if the operator will want, this spacecraft would be land to the Earth without the parachute. The main motor would impose the thrust, that the speed of falling thru the atmosphere would be safe. And if we are honest, the similar technology can be used to send that tube-looking spacecraft to the orbital. The answer for keeping the speed low enough will be in the computerized ventilation system, what imposes the flow of oxygen and fuel all the time during the flight, that the nose of the rocket would not rise too high.


The secret of rockets is they need the mass of fuel to fly to the orbiter, but the rocket must create enough exhaust gasses, that the pressure of those gasses would be bigger than the weight of the rocket. The motor ventilation allows imposing the pushing force of the rocket, that the non-aerodynamic shape would be possible. But the aerodynamic cone can make that way, it has the hinge, what turns it away when the spacecraft is out of the atmosphere.

Picture I

https://i.pinimg.com/736x/61/49/45/614945d6efb3c534338229d76c881bf1--universe-art-alien-art.jpg