Chaos is more common in societies than we ever thought.

Chaos and order. They are the presence of the individuals of the groups. When we look at wild animals, and especially herd animals like buffaloes at first we see that all buffaloes are in a form. That seems random. They are grazing and enjoying their life. The fact is that in that herd the direction of the animals is ordered. They are all looking in a certain direction. 

And when they see some predator they give a warning sign. Then the herd starts to get the order. When buffalo sees a predator it must decide does it run or fight. If some lone cat is treating the herd the buffalo might want to fight. But a herd of big cats is too much. When those animals are getting a "warning danger" signal. They start to get certain orders. 

We are seeing that when something like lions is threatening the herd those animals are starting to run by following a certain order. That order is made to protect those big vegetarian animals. But it's also a sign for other predators and preys that lions are hunting. During that hunt, lions must leave their puppies unattended. And the eagles and some other predators like hyenas can steal those puppies. 

That's why lions want to end their hunt soon as possible. Every moment when lions are hunting their puppies is in danger. This is the reason why animals are screaming when they are under attack. The purpose of the scream is to call another predator to hunt that attacking predator. And turn its attention away from the prey. 

Same way lions are starting to follow certain choreography when they are searching for their prey. But no group is under attack all the time. When lions get what they want rest of the group can go for free. The free time means that buffaloes can also rest. During that time the buffalo herds are grazing. They are, of course, attended. But those animals are doing their things. 

That is the normal way to act in nature. When lions and other beasts are eating their prey the other, grass-eating animals have their free time. Of course, buffaloes are not the only grass-eating animals. And they are living in groups. Someday the lions will get other animals like gnus. Or they will select some other buffalo groups. If some animal group is often under attack there will become weak and old individuals to some other group or population. 

And then predators sooner or later choose easy targets. We must remember that predators are not hunting for pleasure. They hunt for a living. Without prey also predators will die. Buffaloes are dangerous also for their predators. If their horns will hit a predator that can cause dangerous injuries. So that's why predators are searching for weak and ill individuals.

To find out those weak individuals. The predators are following certain choreograph before they attack. But when an attack is done. The rest of the prey herd can rest for a while.  During that time those animals are not in order. They eat grass and enjoy their life. Until they will get a signal about danger. 

In an ecosystem, chaos is more common than people think. The herd animals seem very organized. But those animals are spending lots of their time in the unorganized form. So the ecosystem or society is organizing when they need that ability. The herd animals like lions, wolves, gnus, and buffaloes can organize their group when they need that ability. But those animals have also their own free time. During that time they are, taking care of their fur, and resting. 

https://scitechdaily.com/chaos-is-more-common-in-populations-than-previously-thought/

Vaccines and the science

Kimmo Huosionmaa

One very interesting question is, are the hypothetical aliens bad or good. Here we can answer this question by saying that “if aliens want to harm us, they are bad for us”. Here I'm talking also about the scientific experiments, what aliens claimed to made to people. Maybe they are only jealous, but I think that I or some other human would cutter like some test animal like guinea pigs is very uncomfortable thinking, and my opinion is, that if somebody wants to harm me or some other human, that would be a bad thing. And here we are coming to think about the term “evilness". The evilness, what Nazis have made to other humans is absolutely intolerable, but then we must realize, that also prisoners and mentally ill people have used in the painful experiments and those tests have made also by other nations, and Nazis were not only ones, who injected deadly viruses and bacteria to the people.

Also, things like penicillin have tested with prisoners during World War II. Many medical productions like vaccines have been tested with prisoners, what were seem suitable targets for that kind of tests. The group, what mainly has been used has been persons, who were convicted about homicides, but sometimes the persons, who have convicted about high treason have faced the horrors of the bacteria tests. When the first vaccines have created the inventor of the smallpox vaccine he noticed, that persons, who got cowpox would not be infected by smallpox virus, people don't know that those viruses were injected to the test persons, that the thing, what made they immune against that virus could be found.

The similar thing was with Rabies, what is one of the most feared illnesses in the world. This vaccine was first produced from the dog's spit, what was infected with rabies. The vaccine is produced by injecting it to the bigger animal like cows, and the body or exactly the immune system of those animals would produce the serum, what will activate the immune process in the targeted human or animal. In modern time, there would be used killed viruses, what DNA will be destroyed by using ultraviolet light, and then the proteins of those viruses activate the immune system. In the past, against the deadliest viruses were not be possible to create vaccines, because those organisms terminated that animal.

Sometimes the living viruses were used in that kind of action, where the people were vaccinated against extremely lethal viruses, but the dose of the injected organism must be meter very carefully because if there will be too many viruses in the body of a targeted person, will that cause a deadly infection. Using ultraviolet light the DNA can be destroyed, and the problem what was made the creation of vaccines very difficult have been solved, in theory. The problem is, how to make sure, that the DNA has been terminated. If there is a living virus would that cause the infection, or if the ultraviolet light will be used too long, the proteins could be destroyed, and the vaccine will not have an effect.

This is the thing in the Vaccine and medicine production. Testing those things is extremely important and if the vaccine is not effective, would that cause the life of many people. There is sometimes no time for testing vaccines by using standard methods, and without precise and careful testing would the vaccine be dangerous. The influenza virus is a very difficult target for vaccine makers because that virus is so complicated, and it would change very fast. And this means that the vaccine-developing against that virus is actually the non-stop process, and every each year the new vaccines must be developed because the influenza virus has so many mutations, because of its outer layer complicated antigens and long DNA molecule, what can be mutated in a very short period of time, what makes developing stable version of the vaccine against influenza very difficult or even impossible, but if somebody can do that, would that person greatest medicine creator in the history of mankind.

Autumn is time for mushrooms

https://marxjatalous.blogspot.com/

Kimmo Huosionmaa

Here is one very interesting photograph, what portraits mushrooms. Those mushrooms are looking like goblets, and the reason is that this form is collecting water, where the germs would waft. When some bug would drink that water, those germs will transfer in its body. Mushroom uses bugs for suffusing, and those germs would start to grow inside that animal, what would die. Or they start to grow just after that bug dies. They don't usually live very long time, and that is the thing, what we must always remember when we are thinking about the relationship between mushroom and other species in forests.


There is one very interesting thing in those mushrooms, the formation is growing linearly, but normally the mushrooms make the circles, and this makes those mushrooms interesting. The mushrooms are growing over the roots of the trees, and maybe the tree is delivering some sugars to those mushrooms, what would grow in lines. But when we are thinking about this kind of mushrooms and other things, we must say that nature is the wonderful thing.


And when we are thinking about the relationship between plants and animals, we must notice, that if somebody wants to get something, must that thing give something back. This is the reason, why flowers make nectar. The relationship between bugs and flowers is very complicated, and of course, those wasps and bees are pollinating the flowers.


But flowers also use those animals as the protectors. There are only a few animals, who dare to come close to the flowers, what are surrounded by wasps and other hymenopterans. If those bees bite, the deer would yell, and that would cost its life. Also, the bite would be targeted to the nose, and that will cause the of the ability of smell predators, what could be very dangerous. But as I wrote, if the plants want to get protection, they must give nectar.


There are some philosophers, who say that those vegetarian animals would make an alliance with humans and their cute outfit would protect them against wolves because humans hate those animals. But this is only the philosophical thing, about Gaia, the massive combination, where species create complicated alliances. And of course, those vegetarian animals give humans something also.

They give their flesh for protection, and they would make at least one calf. This would be guaranteed the continuation of the species because humans protect them against predators. That thing seems the small price for protection if we think that from our point of view. And the candle is very important for us. They give us the milk and other goods. And as we might say "if you want good treatment, make yourself the necessary part of the protector's life, that would guarantee the good treatment for your life".

Never leave children or animals in the car, when the weather is hot

(Picture I)

https://kirjabloggaus.blogspot.com/

Kimmo Huosionmaa

Hot weather is extremely dangerous for every person, and this causes sometimes that even children are forgotten in the car. And those sad accidents are headlights in the news. There is one thing, what is interesting, how people can forget children in the car? Are they so unseen, that parents don't even notice them? If the weather is hot, and people must drink all the time, why those children would leave in the car alone, and the same question is about pets.


When we are thinking that news, where children have left alone in the car without water or protection, we must, of course, understand that loss of the child is the bad thing. But that thing is very serious, and if the children would not want to go to the shopping center, why some adult would not leave with them? Is it easier to read about that sad news where children would leave in the car and they have died or got injuries from the Internet?


If the keys are missing and the car doors would not be open, why those persons trying to break the window. Or call somebody to make that action, if there are so little muscles, that the windows would not be broken by the hammer. Of course, losing the children is very traumatic, but if the reason is that they were left to the car, would that kind of death avoided.


And this is the question about writing about this kind of cases. When we are thinking about the feelings of the parents, we forgot how those children suffer, when they died in the hot air. Even if we think that the justice system would tolerate and understand for those people, we must remember, that this kind of things must not be made easy for those people.


Losing a child or other human life is an extremely serious thing, but sometimes I'm thinking about situations, where families are worried, that their old people would drink enough. But there are many children and handicapped people, who would not able to communicate, or who would not know about the need for the water on a hot day. And if the staff, what should care about those people don't follow the drinking, would the result be very sad and traumatic.

Picture I

https://www.coolridesonline.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/1970-Lincoln-Continental.jpg