Biotechnology gives unlimited possibilities.

"Between day one (left) and day 14 (right), plant cells 3D printed in hydrogel grow and begin flourishing into yellow clusters. Credit: Adapted from ACS Central Science 2024, DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.4c00338" (ScitechDaily, Crafting Programmable Living Materials With Synthetic Biology & 3D Printing)

The synthetic DNA-manipulated biomaterials revolutionized 3D printing technology. The ability to combine species makes it possible to create large-size biological structures. That follows certain shapes. But when that technology is connected with 3D printing technology, that makes the ultimate tool. The DNA-manipulated cells can create the LEGO bricks that the 3D printers can put in certain places. The ability to connect corals and starfishes makes it possible to create the structures, that the bioprinter can put in certain places. 

The silicon algae's shell genome can connected with the trees. And that can create trees with silicon shells. Genomes from electric eels can turn vegetables into energy producers. Energy trees are the tools that can solve the part of climate change. 

The ability to connect spider's silk genomes to cotton and hemp turns their fibers into the spider's silk. Make the revolution in the protective clothes. The genetically engineered bacteria can also create oil. That chemists can use to create synthetic materials. And without climate change, those genetically engineered bacteria can create gasoline by using bacteria cultures. 

Some ideas in oil refinery platform's tanks will put the bacteria that turn the biomass into oil in the anaerobic environment. Then the system pumps carbon dioxide to those chambers that make bacteria create the oil. This process is not a very good idea. In the time of climate change. 

Genetic engineering makes it possible to create a large mass of things like antibiotics and other medicals. The possibility to manipulate DNA gives unlimited opportunities for R&D workers to create things. Like cells that create electricity. Electric eels can give 600-850 volt electric impulses, and those cells can used as power sources for robots. 

The biological power source is a good replacement for fuel cells in small-size, low-power systems. The biological batteries need only nutrients. And if those cells are connected with vegetable cells. That makes it possible to use the nutrients that are created for plants. These kinds of systems are the fundamental tools in mobile technology. 

https://scitechdaily.com/crafting-programmable-living-materials-with-synthetic-biology-3d-printing/

The 6G communication can use terahertz radiation.

"Tohoku University researchers have developed a tunable filter for terahertz wave signals, facilitating higher transmission rates and improved signal quality. This breakthrough, crucial for the advancement of terahertz applications in communication, medical imaging, and industrial analysis, promises to unlock the full potential of terahertz waves across various fields." (ScitechDaily, Unlocking the Future of 6G: A New Breakthrough in Terahertz Communication)

The world is going to be mobile. And that means there is always a need for new and faster mobile networks. The problem with data networks is that even if 4G and 5G are fast. Mobile applications always turn harder and harder. More and more mobile applications like cell phones connect to mobile networks. And that thing increases the need for data transportation capacity. 

In the future, all TV sets and even houses use wireless data transmission because data cables are expensive. It's cheaper and easier to install long-range wireless mobile hotspots than to install optical cables to the house. And the next-generation data communication solution can be a Starlink-based satellite solution. 

"Schematic concept of the developed tunable filter. (a) Cross-sectional view of the filter; (b) relationship between period and refractive index; (c) frequency shift due to the change of refractive index. Credit: Ying Huang et al." (ScitechDaily, Unlocking the Future of 6G: A New Breakthrough in Terahertz Communication)

The ability to filter terahertz radiation means that the next-generation data communication networks might use terahertz radiation for data transmission. The biggest problem with using terahertz radiation has been filtering that radiation. The problem is how to make data transmission between multiple mobile systems using the same frequency is solved. 

The system equips every data package with the identifier. That allows the router to route those data packages into a certain device. And other ways that identifier makes the receiver reject those data bites. After that, the device collects those data bites into one entirety. 

The ability to put a serial number to those data bites makes the network more flexible and more secure. The system can use different routes to send the package and the serial number allows the receiver to collect data in its entirety even if the system uses radio- and optical communication at the same time. 

"The mechanically refractive index variable metamaterial. Credit: Ying Huang et al." (ScitechDaily, Unlocking the Future of 6G: A New Breakthrough in Terahertz Communication)

In that model missing serial number tells the system that there are missing data bites. And the transmitter can send those missing bites again. That saves the network and releases its capacity for something else. 

But the other thing is how to protect data against physical damage. When two electromagnetic fields with different frequencies impact those fields start to disturb each other. That thing is problematic because the system must remove the artifact, the non-controlled part from it. If some outcoming waves hit electromagnetic fields, they act like a jammer system. Those outcoming waves destroy the data from the field. 

There is one problem with radio communication. The problem is that there is a limited number of radio frequencies. And terahertz radiation helps that problem by offering new frequencies for communication systems. The terahertz radiation is a new frequnéncy for communication. And the terahertz networks can be the solution for the next-generation data transmissions. 

https://scitechdaily.com/unlocking-the-future-of-6g-a-new-breakthrough-in-terahertz-communication/

Quantum networks can make the world more secure.

"The 100-kilometer fiber optic cable through which a team of researchers at DTU has successfully distributed a quantum-encrypted key securely. Credit: DTU" (ScitechDaily, An Unprecedented 100 km – Researchers Set New Distance Record With Quantum Keys) 

Researchers made new records. They exchange quantum keys securely within 100 km. And that is the next step for ultra-secured data transmission. The networks are unable to operate if they are not secured. The cornerstone for secure communication is that the systems can exchange keys securely. 

The neurocomputer requires ultra-secure communication. 

The new findings are a big advantage to developing quantum networks. 

The difference between quantum networks and regular networks is that in quantum networks, information travels in qubits. The quantum network's problem is that the system packs information in the physical object. And that makes quantum computers resistant to regular eavesdropping. 

However, the quantum computer is vulnerable to outside effects. In quantum networks, information travels in quantum channels like nanotubes or hollow laser rays. When the quantum network sends information over long distances. It creates the quantum channel using phonon- or acoustic lasers to make the hollow channel through air. Then the system shoots hollow laser rays through it. And qubit can travel through that channel. 

The quantum network is not a synonym for a quantum computer. The quantum computers use quantum networks in their processors. However, the quantum network can transmit information between binary computers, as well as, the quantum network transports information between quantum computers. 

"Researchers from the Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo have solved a foundational problem in transmitting quantum information, which could dramatically enhance the utility of integrated circuits and quantum computing. Credit: Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo" (ScitecchDaily, Redefining Quantum Communication: Researchers Have Solved a Foundational Problem in Transmitting Quantum Information)

There are three main types of quantum networks. 

1) All quantum networks. Those systems transport all data in quantum mode. 

2) Hybrid quantum networks. Those networks send only encryption keys in qubits. The rest of the data travels in the form of regular electromagnetic signals. 

3) Virtual quantum networks. Those networks share data in multiple frequencies or multiple lines. The system shares information with multiple transportation lines using TCP/IP. Then it sends information at the same time. In this system, all data pack has a serial number. 

And that helps the receiving system to sort those received data packets into the right order without depending on their arrival order. So the system can mix those data packets into arbitrary order before sending them. Then receiving system can put them into the right order using those serial numbers. 

The quantum network allows ultra-secured communication between computers. And also another ultimate computing system called neurocomputer requires ultra-secured communication. In neurocomputers, the processor units can be at long distances from each other. 

Networked workstations can also act as neurocomputers. Theoretically is possible to transform the entire internet into a giant neurocomputer. The technical platform exists, but a lack of political willingness denies that kind of project. 

The quantum computer is a non-centralized data-handling tool. That system is multiple networked microprocessors. Just like quantum computers neurcomputer can drive multiple operations at the same time. The speed of those operations is not the same as quantum computers. But binary computers are less vulnerable to outside anomalies than quantum computers. 

The neurocomputer is not a synonym for neural networks. The neural network is the thing that interconnects sensors with computers. So a neural network is a sensory system the network that connects things like surveillance cameras with neurocomputers. 

https://scitechdaily.com/an-unprecedented-100-km-researchers-set-new-distance-record-with-quantum-keys/

https://scitechdaily.com/redefining-quantum-communication-researchers-have-solved-a-foundational-problem-in-transmitting-quantum-information/

The new observations and observation tools are revolutionizing nanotechnology and the way of thinking in physics.

ScitechDaily.com

"A new study has overturned a fundamental principle of physics by demonstrating that similarly charged particles can attract each other in a solution, with the effect varying between positive and negative charges depending on the solvent. This discovery has significant implications for various scientific processes, including self-assembly and crystallization". (ScitechDaily, Opposites Attract, Likes Repel? Scientists Overturn Fundamental Principle of Physics)

The research reveals the importance of solvent structure at the interface in determining interparticle interactions, challenging long-held beliefs and indicating a need for a re-evaluation of our understanding of electromagnetic forces. Credit: Zhang Kang". (ScitechDaily, Opposites Attract, Likes Repel? Scientists Overturn Fundamental Principle of Physics)

New observations about magnetic fields. And same polar particle or object interaction revolutionized the knowledge of magnetism. They say. The system can put particles that have the same polarity. Into the same entirety. The reason for that is that all particles have polarity. The other pole is very weak in some particles. The main magnetic field is in the axle of the particle. 

Or there are stronger points in magnetic fields around all particles and objects. If the stronger point is against a weaker point, the weaker point pulls a stronger magnetic object into it. This thing causes a revolution in physics. But that also makes it possible to create new types of nanomachines and nanostructures. 

New types of systems can determine the certain position of atoms in 3D structures. That thing revolutionizes material research. That thing allows to create the box-shaped graphene structures that don't miss the property of 2d structures. The idea is, that. The system creates the box-shaped graphene by connecting graphene layers. And that makes it possible to create graphene bricks that connect the properties of 2D and 3D structures into new entireties. 

The new measurement tool called quantum gas microscope can solve the problem of how to determine the position of a single atom in a complicated 3D structure, even if those atoms are in lines. The system uses gas or atom cloud that it stresses with energy. Those atoms send radiation that impacts the structure from all directions. The scanning quantum microscope can use protons or electrons that orbit the object. Then that system sends radiation to those particles, and then they send energy that the sensor can capture. All atoms in the path of that radiation cause scattering that uncovers its position. 

"Researchers have devised a method to accurately measure an atom’s three-dimensional position with a single image, revolutionizing quantum mechanics experiments and material development by facilitating precise atom manipulation and tracking." (ScitechDaily, Ingenious New Method Measures the 3D Position of Individual Atoms)

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The next part is from ScitechDaily.com

The Challenge of Measuring the Third Dimension

"Anyone who has used a microscope in a biology class to study a plant cell will probably be able to recall a similar situation. It is easy to tell that a certain chloroplast is located above and to the right of the nucleus. But are both of them located on the same plane? Once you adjust the focus on the microscope, however, you see that the image of the nucleus becomes sharper while the image of the chloroplast blurs. One of them must be a little higher and one a little lower than the other. However, this method cannot give us precise details about their vertical positions". (ScitechDaily, Ingenious New Method Measures the 3D Position of Individual Atoms)

"The principle is very similar if you want to observe individual atoms instead of cells. So-called quantum gas microscopy can be used for this purpose. It allows you to straightforwardly determine the x and y coordinates of an atom. However, it is much more difficult to measure its z coordinate, i.e., the distance to the objective lens: In order to find out on what plane the atom is located, multiple images must be taken in which the focus is shifted across various different planes. This is a complex and time-consuming process." (ScitechDaily, Ingenious New Method Measures the 3D Position of Individual Atoms)

https://scitechdaily.com/ingenious-new-method-measures-the-3d-position-of-individual-atoms/

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The ability to determine the precise point of certain atoms in 3D structures makes it possible to create nano-scale X-ray systems. In that version, the outside system can send energy impulses that resonate with that atom. The atom sends electromagnetic wave movement when it releases that extra energy. The observation system can use that reflection for searching errors in nano-size systems. Or it can determine that atom's point using a ball-shaped antenna structure. 

The scanning tunneling microscopes with moving stylus make it possible to detect minimum errors in nano-scale structures. That kind of system can connected with attosecond lasers, that scan the 3D structures. That kind of system makes it possible to scan and determine the places of single atoms in complicated structures. 

https://academic.oup.com/nsr/article/3/2/170/2460374

https://scitechdaily.com/ingenious-new-method-measures-the-3d-position-of-individual-atoms/

https://scitechdaily.com/opposites-attract-likes-repel-scientists-overturn-fundamental-principle-of-physics/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_microscopy

Quantum computers and ultra-fast photonic microchips can danger even the most secure communication.

"Quantum computers could pose a major security risk to current communication systems in 12-15 years with their exponentially greater speed and code-breaking ability. (ScitechDaily, Today’s Most-Secure Communications Threatened by Future Quantum Computers)

Quantum computers can break entire binary cryptography. And that makes all communication unsecured. That is one of the greatest threats in quantum computing. And this brings the arms race to the quantum age. The quantum computer can create codes that any binary computer can break. But the quantum computer can also break old-fashioned codes. And that makes it an ultimate weapon and sabotage tool.  

Quantum computers can change the measurements of the ammunition in factories by changing the system calibration. Or it can delete databases from the opponent's computer systems. This thing can delete all SIM cards from mobile telephones. In peacetime, the hackers that operate using quantum systems can steal the names of the counter-espionage informants. 

"New advanced photonic chips have been developed that optimize light transmission for optical wireless systems. These chips, essential for future 5G and 6G networks, represent a shift towards energy-efficient analog technologies and have wide-ranging applications in high-speed data processing and communication. Credit: Politecnico di Milano" (ScitechDaily, Light-Speed Calculations: New Photonic Chips Are Changing Wireless Communication)

The photonic microchips can also used to hack the ultra-secured communication. The same microchips used as game-changers in wireless communication can also hack that system. 

The photonic microchips can also make it possible to analyze and break even the fastest and most secure communication. If that communication is protected using old-fashioned computers. 

There is a golden rule in use of the encryption software. The time that the system uses to generate the binary number is directly proportional to the time that the system uses to generate the binary number. Riemann's conjecture is a recursive function, that should make very much binary numbers. The Achilles heel in the simple Riemann programs or encryption programs was that the system just calculated a series of binary numbers. 

And that makes the algorithm vulnerable to brute force attacks that make using faster computers. In modern versions, there should be a point in the Riemann series where the computer can start to generate those binary numbers. Then the system can put them in the matrix, and number those binary numbers. The system may use the individual binary number for each letter. In that model, the algorithm uses random numbers that it selects from the matrix. The thing that makes this algorithm vulnerable is that the receiving system must have data. That allows us to decode the information. That means if the receiving system is hacked, that causes real catastrophes. 

That thing means that the attacker gets new settings all the time. If they sent through the Internet. The main problem with Riemann's conjecture is that it's a very used tool. And that means the developers must create more secure ways to communicate than some Riemann's conjecture. That has been a long time the cryptography's cornerstone. But modern ultra-fast computers make it non-secured.

But the other thing is that the new photonic microchips can make data networks insecure. They are faster and more effective data handlers than regular microprocessors. Things like AI-boosted photonic microprocessors are extremely good tools for hackers. Those systems are so fast that they can find the binary number, created using Riemann's conjecture quite quickly especially if the the encryption software user doesn't generate a binary number that encrypts the information. 

https://scitechdaily.com/light-speed-calculations-new-photonic-chips-are-changing-wireless-communication/

https://scitechdaily.com/todays-most-secure-communications-threatened-by-future-quantum-computers/

https://scitechdaily.com/unlocking-the-future-of-security-with-mits-terahertz-cryptographic-id-tags/

https://www.verdict.co.uk/quantum-computing-breaking-security-encryption/

The new humanoid robots break limits.

The new humanoid robots are more fantastic than nobody thought. The BMW's new humanoid manufacturing robots are impressive tools. When humanoid robots work in manufacturing platforms under the dome of the full-scale WIFI transmission and the control of the same supercomputer, they can form multi-level morphing neural networks. They can communicate with supercomputers or with each other. And that is the impressive thing. 

The robots that understand accents are easier to control using spoken words. They can understand natural languages, and people's natural way of communicating. In regular robotics, the user must use grammatically correct language. But modern robots and computers have started to follow orders, that accent-using users can give. The first portal in those systems is the speech-to-text application that transforms spoken words into text. That it drives to the robot's control. 

The system requires only an accent wordbook that can translate orders to literal language and commands that the system must follow. The new ultra-fast processors can drive AI that can remove unnecessary words from the text that the speech-to-text application makes. 

So the system uses the same method as translation programs. And translation programs make it possible. That user can give orders to robots using their language. 

But if those robots are equipped with the sense of touch and the remote VR headsets and systems that bring a sense of touch to the human nervous system from the virtual reality. That thing allows the robot can transmit all its senses to the human operator, who smells, sees, touches, hears, and even tastes the same things as robots. 

The BCI (Brain-Computer interface) VR (Virtual reality) headsets make it possible. That system transmits even tastes from robots to users. The BCI must just know the brain area, where certain signal belongs, and it can transmit a sense of touch and smell. 

The system can also use similar systems that transmit a sense of touch to the system, connected with the tongue. The system can also use bio-printed togues with living neurons. They are connected to the computers. Researchers can use the bio-printed olfactory coil connected with microchips in that mission. Maybe in the future. We have laboratories where cloned tongues and olfactory coils can be used as chemical sensors. Those sensors can send their data through the Internet all over the world. 

This thing is called robot-based augmented reality. In factories, the operators can use one robot that manufactures the first car. And then those operators can scale that model over the network. 

https://www.freethink.com/robots-ai/general-purpose-robots

https://www.freethink.com/ar-vr/device-hacks-nervous-system-to-bring-touch-to-virtual-worlds

https://www.freethink.com/ar-vr/galea-beta

https://scitechdaily.com/1000x-faster-ultrafast-photonics-chip-reshapes-signal-processing/

Electric power innovations. Fuel cells in aircraft and solar panels over Arizona canal.

 

"ZEROe teams powered on the iron pod, the future hydrogen-propulsion system designed for Airbus’ electric concept aircraft." (Intersting Engineering, Airbus's ZEROe: First engine fuel cell powers up for hydrogen flight)

Electric power innovations. Fuel cells in aircraft and solar panels over Arizona canal. 

Airbus Zero is a testbed for fuel cells that are used in commercial aircraft. The problem with aircraft is always noise and pollution. If the aircraft uses electric engines. That decreases noise levels and cleans the air, especially around airfields. Lightweight solar panels that can be installed on the wings and body of aircraft can give electricity to electric engines. And they can extend an aircraft's operational range. 

 The thing that makes this kind of system interesting is that the "flying cars" or cheap VTOL aircraft can use them as a power source. The hydrogen power cells can give energy to electric aircraft at night time. And that makes them more flexible than if systems use only solar panels. 

If we think of the aircraft of the future the aircraft can operate over the city areas using electric engines. When they are at longer distances those aircraft can turn to use jet engines. Solar panels make it possible. That hydrogen-powered aircraft can create fuel in its body. 

Hydrogen can also be used as fuel in turbines, ramjets, and scramjets. The hydrogen-powered aircraft can travel at supersonic- or hypersonic speed. Solar power makes it possible for those aircraft to use ecological fuel. The solar cells would use electrolytic chambers that split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. 

The water injection into the combustion chamber can increase the oxygen-hydrogen fuel's thrust. Normally, rockets use hydrocarbon as fuel because that fuel gives more pressure against the front side of the combustion chamber. The weakness of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel mixture is the weak thrust. 

The thing that limits the use of hydrogen and oxygen in rocket engines is high specific impulse. That means exhaust gas speed is so high, that there is no push to the forward. There is low pressure against the front side of the combustion chamber. And that decreases the hydrogen-oxygen mixture's thrust. However, water injection into the combustion chamber will increase the thrust. 

"Project Nexus could save water while generating solar energy". (Interesting Engineering, Arizona's solar-over-canal project tackles drought — here's what we know)

The solar panels can used to cover aqueducts. 

There is a plan to cover the Arizona Canal in the USA using solar panels. Those panels can protect water. And they can deliver energy to the electric network. The power of those solar panels could be 13 terawatts. And it can deliver energy to Los Angeles in ten months. Another use of those solar panels would be the cooling system that denies water vaporizations. And those solar panels also increase the security of those water supply systems. 

Blinders or turning modules allow systems to adjust solar cell's energy production. In the last case, the silicone layer that produces electricity is installed on the square-shaped rod. That rod can made of wood. Solar panels cover one of its sides. When the system produces too much energy, part of those rods turn the solar panel off the sun's direction. That helps to adjust energy production. 

In the wildest visions, that kind of solar panel system can deliver energy to the particle accelerator or modular supercomputers. The computer or accelerator system will installed in those solar panel elements. If there are blinders, commonly used in windows or modular solar panels can turn their electric-producing silicone layer away from the sun which denies the overload. When the system requires more energy, it turns more electric production components to the sun. Turning elements allow for adjustment of the solar cells' power. 

The main problem with aqueducts or water channels that deliver water to cities, especially in sunny and warm areas is vaporization. Every time, when sunlight vaporizes water, that thing means that water will go somewhere else than it should. Cities like Los Angeles require lots of water, and the problem is clean water. 

In some visions, solar panels can used to cover the water supply system. Especially open water supply canals are places where water vaporizes. And another thing is that they are vulnerable to sabotage. 

https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/airbuss-zeroe-first-engine-fuel-cell-powers-up-for-hydrogen-flight

https://interestingengineering.com/science/arizonas-solar-over-canal-tackles-drought

https://learningmachines9.wordpress.com/2024/02/03/electric-power-innovations-fuel-cells-in-aircraft-and-solar-panels-over-arizona-canal/